Pope Innocent III launches crusade against the Cathars in the
Languedoc (today southern France), which devastates this flourishing
country between 1209-1229. The degree of
violence against the Cathars was extremely high, even by medieval
standards. At the beginning of the war crusaders killed an entire town
of 10,000 inhabitants of Bezier.
Due to persecution by the crusaders,
many Cathars fled to Bosnia.
At the Church Council on 2 July 1223
the cardinal Conrad, the papal legate to France told that in Bosnia
lives the leader of the Cathars, whom they call their pope, and to whom
they come for advice and that he also has his representant in France, by
the name Bartholomew from Carcassone. English historian Roger de Wendover in 1236 also mentions the heretical Pope in Bosnia.
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